A Novel Charging Plan for PEVs Aggregator Based on Combined Market and Network Driven Approach

Abstract

With the large-scale production of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), a new entity, the PEV fleet aggregator manages charging and discharging processes of the vehicles. The main objective of an individual aggregator in interaction with electricity markets is maximizing its profit. In this paper, the performance of this aggregator in day-ahead and real-time electricity markets, considering (a) customers' satisfaction constraints, (b) the effects of driving patterns and real-time energy market prices uncertainties and (c) resulted effects on the network operation, is studied. Then, the capability of a bilateral contract between the aggregator and distribution system operator as a regulation for satisfying the network's limitations is investigated. The proposed model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic programming problem and implemented in GAMS software. The findings of the study reveal the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on maximizing the aggregator's profit-making as well as both customers' and Distribution System Operator's financial and technical satisfaction.