Introduction: The importance of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) for diagnosis of pulmonary diseases is well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the indications of 500 FFBs performed in Imam Reza hospital, ...

The primary tracheal cancers are very rare, and squamous cell carcinoma is its most common form, especially in smokers. Due to the late presentation of symptoms, these tumors are usually diagnosed too late, and thus, they ...

Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (PNLH) is a reactive lymphoid proliferation manifesting as multiple solitary nodules or localized infiltrates in the lungs. It is a type of benign lymphoproliferative disease that can ...