Rhazes, or Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī (854-925 CE), was an Iranian physician, philosopher and chemist. He learned medicine more through the hospital and so-called clinical observations and, therefore, spent ...

Nizamuddin Ahmad Gilani's “Medical Treatise" is a concise Persian-language treatise on medical sciences. Nizamuddin Ahmad was a prominent physician during the Safavid era, with a substantial body of work across various ...

This paper examines the history of blackwater fever in northern Nigeria from 1900 to 1918, a period that coincided with the establishment of modern health services. It will examine the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, ...

Research on Persian medical literature has revealed a long history of moral excellence and devotion to the medical field. Ali Ibn Rabban Tabari also emphasized the importance of these qualities, as Islamic culture highly ...