A Comparative Study between Different Tunisian Propolis Essential Oils and Their Antioxidant Activities

Abstract

<em>Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees from plants with a complex and variable chemical composition. Propolis and its fractions possess multiple biological activities. This study focused on a chemical and statistical comparison between four Tunisian Propolis Essential Oils (PEO) and its antioxidant activities. Volatile </em><em>oils</em><em> were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Essential oil yield varied from 0.095% to 0.324%. A total of 59 volatile components were identified mainly dominated by sesquiterpenes and diterpenes hydrocarbons. </em><em>Six major components were found in all samples collected from the four different locations α-Cedrol,</em><em> Manoyl Oxide, Manool, Totarol, Tricosane, and Eicosane. The antioxidant activities of Tunisian propolis essential oils have been evaluated using two methods: β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching and DPPH radical scavenging assays and the results were compared with the standard antioxidant (Triolox). PEO from Bizerte region presented a lower IC₅₀ value (30.5 </em><em>m</em><em>g/mL) than that of the standard antioxidant Trolox (IC₅₀ = 40.05 </em><em>m</em><em>g/mL) indicating high antioxidant capacity using DPPH assay but for the </em><em>b</em><em>-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay, PEO from Zouarine region </em><em>had the lowest value of (IC₅₀ = 26.5 </em><em>m</em><em>g/mL) compared to standard (IC₅₀ = 31.25 </em><em>m</em><em>g/mL). Our findings</em><em> demonstrated that Propolis Essential Oil (PEO) possess high antioxidant activities and may be suggested as a new potential source of natural antioxidant.</em>