At the early stages of the formation of human developed societies, penal reactions to political crimes were mainly within the protection sphere provided for the sovereign as the first representation of public sovereignty. ...

Public opinion is regarded as one of the main factors determining the severity of actions taken by the judiciary towards criminals. Its role is also being emphasized in the criminal policy, either criminalization, penalization ...

In an inclusive examination of documents and basic principles of international cooperation, one might find that the improvement of human rights in a given country takes place as a result of several underlying measures such ...

Terrorism is one of the most serious phenomena of concern to many countries as well as to the international community as a whole at least during last decades. In the meanwhile of its several characteristics, including the ...

Political crime is regarded to be a recent term introduced in Iran simultaneously with the Constitutional Revolution (Mashrooteh). Despite the fact that the duty to define and the determination of its instances ...

Although the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which was ratified by the Iranian parliament in March 1994, had a paramount role in considering children's interests, the notion of the Best Interest of the Child ...

Prior to the Bill Defining ‘Political Crimes', passed on January 24, 2016 by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Iran's Parliament), the term "political offenses" was never defined in Iran legal sphere, as a jurisdiction ...