Background: Health transformation planwas implemented in 2014 in Iran with the aim of reducing healthcare expenditures. Transformation plans always have a financial impact on healthcare ...

Background: Obesity and overweight is a great concern in adolescence that would have impact on adulthood. This study was conducted to identify major dietary patterns and their relation with ...

Background: The aim of this review was to compare the efficacy of acupuncture therapy in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis with placebo acupuncture or oral pharmacological treatment based on ...

  Background: Acute respiratory infections and especially pneumonia are considered as the most important infection-induced cause of child mortality in developing countries. We aimed ...

Background According to the importance of self-efficacy and the role of health-promoting behaviors in training of adolescents and in order to develop interventions, better understanding of ...

Background   Cow's milk allergy is one of most prevalent food allergies worldwide. Due to elimination diet it can impair growth in infants. In this study we evaluate growth ...

Background: Pregnancy can be troublesome for parents. This study was conducted with the aim of development and psychometric evaluation of a Fathers' Concerns Questionnaire regarding low risk pregnancy ...

Dear Editor- in –Chief: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) characterized by a backward movement of gastric contents from the lower esophageal sphincter (1). GERD is the exacerbated and pathologic ...

Background: Preterm labor is a crucial factor in neonatal morbidity and mortality. The present study aims to investigate the effects of Socioeconomic Status (SES) on preterm birth and to decompose ...

Background: Adolescence is considered as a momentous period for initiating risky behaviors. Adolescents do not have an accurate understanding of the perilous consequences of their behavior due to ...

Background Chest pain is one of the common chief complaints in children which can be benign and/or life-threatening. In this retrospective study, the causes of chest pain, associated factors, ...

Background There is not enough evidence to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in pregnant women during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to investigate ...

Background Due to the increased survival of children with chronic and complex diseases, transferring a part of care provision to home and harnessing the family's potential with the aim of ...

Background Hypernatremia commonly occurs in ICUs, mostly developing soon after admission. It has been associated with prolonged ICU stay and has a mortality rate of 40–60%. The aim of our ...

Background In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shownself-esteem and self-consciousness can be protective factors against smartphone addiction among adolescents. Our study ...

Background Inadequate antibiotic usage in children might have severe side effects and lead to antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Iran is the second country in terms of the rate of antibioticuse ...

Background Poor performance in motor skills is common among children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, difficulties of children with ADHD in handwriting and its ...