Background: Lead poisoning is now more common due to accidental or intentional exposure to opiumimpregnated with lead. We aimed to determine the relationship between the blood lead ...

Background: Explaining the risk and protective factors of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is the mostimportant principle in designing preventive interventions. This study examined ...

Background: Smoking tobacco is a significant health problem for humankind. Cigarettes could affect people'slife from socioeconomic and psychosomatic aspects. The oral cavity is the ...

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of filter on the eventual carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks caused by the main toxic constituents of popular cigarette brands ...

Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is one of the most toxic environmental exposures andpassive smoking is an important general health problem. Children are the most ...

Background: Smartphone usage has increasing during recent years. Since its excessive use can have negativeconsequences, it is important to know how users use it and become dependent ...

Background: Smokeless tobacco (ST) use is one of the most important public health problems in SoutheastAsia. The use of these substances increases the incidence of some cancers and ...

Background: Psychoactive substance use is a significant problem and the perception of physicians andmedical students for this problem is important since it may affect their behavior ...