The distinguishing chromatic number of bipartite graphs of girth at least six

Abstract

The distinguishing number $D(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the least integer $d$ such that $G$ has a vertex labeling with $d$ labels that is preserved only by a trivial automorphism. The distinguishing chromatic number $chi_{D}(G)$ of $G$ is defined similarly, where, in addition, $f$ is assumed to be a proper labeling. We prove that if $G$ is a bipartite graph of girth at least six with the maximum degree $Delta (G)$, then $chi_{D}(G)leq Delta (G)+1$. We also obtain an upper bound for $chi_{D}(G)$ where $G$ is a graph with at most one cycle. Finally, we state a relationship between the distinguishing chromatic number of a graph and its spanning subgraphs.