Synergistic Effect of Forbesione From Garcinia hanburyi in Combination with 5-Fluorouracil on Cholangiocarcinoma
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Background: Chemotherapy for advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is largely ineffective; thus innovative combinations of chemotherapeutic agents and natural compounds represent a promising strategy. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of forbesione combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in hamster cholangiocarcinoma (Ham-1) cells both in vitro and in vivo. The anti-tumor effects of 5-FU combined with forbesione in vitro were determined using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and the effects in vivo were assessed in transplanted Ham-1 allograph models. Using ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) staining, the morphological changes of apoptotic cells was investigated. The expressions of apoptosis-related molecules after combined treatment with forbesione and 5-FU were determined using real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Forbesione or 5-FU alone inhibited proliferation of Ham-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner and their combination showed a synergistic proliferation inhibitory effect in vitro. In vivo studies, forbesione in combination with 5-FU exhibited greater inhibition of the tumor in the hamster model compared with treatment using either drug alone. Forbesione combined with 5-FU exerted stronger apoptotic induction in Ham-1 cells than did single drug treatment. The combination of drugs strongly suppressed the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and procaspase-3 while enhancing the expression of p53, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), caspase-9 and caspase-3, compared with single drug treatments. These results explained the decreased expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) positive cells and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells in Ham-1 cell tumor tissues of the treated hamsters. There was no apparent systemic toxicity observed in the treated animals compared with the control groups. Forbesione combined with 5-FU strongly induced apoptosis in Ham-1 cells. The growth inhibitory effect of combined treatment using these two drugs was much greater than treatment with either drug alone, both in vitro and in vivo.
کلید واژگان
Forbesione5-fluorouracil
cholangiocarcinoma
Synergism
Apoptosis
Cancer biology
شماره نشریه
12تاریخ نشر
2017-12-011396-09-10
ناشر
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)سازمان پدید آورنده
Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
شاپا
1513-73682476-762X
