Outcomes of High Risk Patients with Febrile Neutropenia at a Tertiary Care Center

Abstract

<br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Fever during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Mortality depends on the duration and degree of neutropenia, bacteremia, sepsis, performance status, comorbidities and other parameters. The highest mortality rates in cancer patients hospitalized with febrile neutropenia (FN) are observed in those with documented infection. The objectives of the study were to present available tools for risk assessment, to review pathogens causing infections in adult FN patients and to assess outcomes. </span><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Methods: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: small;">This cross sectional study was conducted on adult culture positive FN patients admitted to the Hematology/Oncology service at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2012. High-</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">risk criteria were defined as profound neutropenia, short latency from a previous chemotherapy cycle, sepsis or </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">clinically documented infection at presentation, severe co-morbidity and a performance status greater than or equal to 3. All types of organisms in blood culture and the outcomes of the patients were recorded on Proforma. </span><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Results: </span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 156 patients with culture-positive febrile neutropenia were identified during the study period. The mean age was 47 years with a slight male predominance of 54%. One hundred and sixteen patients fulfilled the criteria for </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">the high risk group. Fifty two percent had a single high risk factor and 40 % had two. All patients harbored either single or multiple bacterial organisms including gram positive, gram negative or both types. Some 34% of patients had gram positive bacteremia, 57 % had gram negative and 9 % were infected with both. Among 73 gram positive cultures 44 % were Staphylococcus species and among 123 gram negative cultures 43 % were E. coli. One hundred </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and fifteen patients recovered uneventfully and could be discharged. Thirty two patients in the high risk and 9 in the </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">low risk groups deceased with an overall mortality of 26 %. The mean hospital stays of patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies were 7.58 and 15.0 days, respectively. Mortality was higher in the latter group, and also in high risk patients with both gram positive and negative bacteremia. </span><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: small;">We emphasize the importance of </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">risk stratification and continuous surveillance of the spectrum of locally prevalent pathogens and their susceptibility </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">patterns for formulation of therapeutic regimens for febrile neutropenic patients. </span>