In human body movement simulation such as vertical jump by a forward dynamic model, optimal control theories must be used. In the recent years, new methods were created for solving optimization problems which they were ...

Fracture assessment of U- and V-notches is important in mechanical engineering. One can use the J-integral as fracture parameter in order to predict the critical fracture load in notches. The critical value of the J-integral ...

In inclined U-notches, the mixed mode (I + II) loading occurs and the mode ratio can be increased by varying the notch angle. In this paper, the effect of the inclined U-notch geometry, i.e. the notch depth, the notch ...

Application of impact energy absorption systems in different industries is of special significance. Thin-walled tubes, due to their lightness, high energy absorption capacity, long crushing length and the high ratio of ...