Sensitive Determination Trace Amount of Cadmium(II) as Toxic Pollutant in Real and Saline Samples After Concentration by in Situ Solvent Formation Microextraction Technique and Using Eco-Friendly Materials

Abstract

A simple, green and sensitive method namely <em>in</em> situ solvent formation microextraction (ISFME) based on the use of 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Omim][PF₆] as an ionic liquid/green extractant (eco-friendly) was proposed for the concentration and deternination trace levels of cadmium(II) ions as dangerous pollution agent in some real and saline samples. In this method, cadmium(II) ions was complexed with a Schiff bases ligand (L) as complexing agent and then extracted into an ionic liquid phase (secoundary phase) as green/eco-friendly extractant. After phases separation, the enriched Cd(II) ions in the secoundary phase was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). The effect of some analytical parameters were investigated and optimized. In the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD), relative standard deviation (RSD) and enhancement factor (EF) were 0.05 µg L⁻¹, 1.2% and 93, respectively. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by analyzing of a certified reference matter. Based on the obtained results, the method was successfully applied for the determination of cadmium(II) ions in several real and saline samples.