Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma in antiangiogenic effect of pomegranate peel extract

Abstract

<strong><em>Objective(s):</em></strong> Herbal medicines are promising cancer preventive candidates. It has been shown that <em>Punica granatum </em>L. could inhibit angiogenesis and tumor invasion. In this study, we investigated whether the anti-angiogenic effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) is partly attributable to Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activation in the Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). <br/><strong><em>Materials and Methods:</em></strong> Ethanol extract from PPE was prepared. HUVECs were treated in four groups (with PPE (10 μg/ml) alone, PPE with or without PPARγ (T0070907) and α (GW6471) antagonists, and control group). The possible effect of PPARs on angiogenic regulation was checked by Matrigel assay. The mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected by Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). <br/><strong> </strong><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> PPE significantly inhibited both tube formation (size, length, and junction of tubes) and VEGF mRNA expression (<em>P</em><0.05). Our results showed that the anti-angiogenic effects of PPE were significantly reversed by both PPAR antagonists (<em>P</em><0.05). There was no difference between PPE plus antagonists groups and the control group. <br/><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong> In summary our results showed that the anti-angiogenic effects of PPE could be mediated in part through PPAR dependent pathway.