Among various practical measures used for restriction of the ground surface settlement in such tunnels driven in soft ground, selection of an appropriate excavation method plays a significant role. In this paper, employing ...

Cementing is an essential part of every drilling operation. Protection of the wellbore from formation fluid invasion is one of the primary tasks of a cement job. Failure in this task results in catastrophic events, such ...

Lead and zinc production is one of the main predisposing factors of excessive greenhouse gases emissions, air pollution and water consumption. In this paper, the environmental problems of lead and zinc production in Calcimin ...

Metals used in everyday life are produced from ores occurring in the Earth's crust. Geological processes are known to concentrate minerals to form ores of economic value. Mineral processing engineers concentrate these ores ...

To prospect mineral deposits at regional scale, recognition and classification of hydrothermal alteration zones using remote sensing data is a popular strategy. Due to the large number of spectral bands, classification of ...

In studying of the in situ gravitational concentration process part feature for placer, the technological ability to transform the in situ massif placer structure is evident. The two main processes involved in altering the ...

Block-flexure is the most common mode of toppling failure in natural and excavated rock slopes. In such failure, some rock blocks break due to tensile stresses and some overturn under their own weights and then all of them ...

The behavior of earth dams has particular complexities against dynamic forces and its assessment requiresdetailed and scientific analysis. The Farrokhi earth dam is a heterogeneous type with vertical clay core, built ...

One of the conventional methods for temporary support of tunnels is to use steel sets with shotcrete. The nature of a temporary support system demands a quick installation of its structures. As a result, the spacing between ...