Dynamics of higher order rational difference equation $x_{n+1}=(alpha+beta x_{n})/(A + Bx_{n}+ Cx_{n-k})$

Abstract

The main goal of this paper is to investigate the periodic character, invariant intervals, oscillation and global stability and other new results of all positive solutions of the equation<br />$$x_{n+1}=frac{alpha+beta x_{n}}{A + Bx_{n}+ Cx_{n-k}},~~ n=0,1,2,ldots,$$<br />where the parameters $alpha$, $beta$, $A$, $B$ and $C$ are positive, and the initial conditions $x_{-k},x_{-k+1},ldots,x_{-1},x_{0}$ are positive real numbers and $kin{1,2,3,ldots}$. We give a detailed description of the semi-cycles of solutions and determine conditions under which the equilibrium points are globally asymptotically stable. In particular, our paper is a generalization of the rational difference equation that was investigated by Kulenovic et al. [The Dynamics of $x_{n+1}=frac{alpha +beta x_{n}}{A+Bx_{n}+ C x_{n-1}}$, Facts and Conjectures, Comput. Math. Appl. 45 (2003) 1087--1099].