Effect of water stress and plant density on canopy temperature, yield components and protein concentration of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Akhtar)

Abstract

In order to study the effects of different irrigation regimes and plant density on yield<br />component and protein concentration and crop water stress index (CWSI), under research field<br />conditions a split plot arrangement was conducted in completely randomized block design<br />during two years. The first factor of variables was the effects of 4 irrigation levels 120% (I1),<br />100% (I2), 80% (I3) and 60% (I4) of Standard evapotranspiration and the second factor was the<br />spacing of 5 cm (D1), 10 cm (D2) and 15 cm (D3) between plants within a row. Results indicate<br />that the number of pods in each plant and the grains in each pod decreased when density<br />increased, but the hundred-grains-weight and the height of bean plants increased. When<br />irrigation increased, various increases were observed in the yield, the number of pods in each<br />plant, the grains in each pod, the hundred-grains-weight and the height of bean plants, but the<br />grain protein decreased. Protein concentration increased with more severe water deficit in the<br />soil. The protein concentration directly correlated with total irrigation water during the growing<br />season (TI) and the exponential equation P=33* e -4E-04TI can be used for protein concentration<br />prediction. The effect of the irrigation water was significant and CWSI increased with increased<br />soil water deficit. The effect of the density for CWSI was not significant. Grain yield (GY)<br />directly correlated with CWSI and the exponential equation, GY=696.2(CWSI)-0.51 can be used<br />for the prediction of grain yield. The CWSI value is useful for evaluating crop water stress in<br />beans and thus it could be useful in timing the irrigation. Results of this research indicate that<br />yield components such as height of bean plant, the number of pods in each plant and the number<br />of grains in each pod were significantly different by applying the different irrigation strategies at<br />the three different lengths of plant spacing within a row.