Impact of Cyclin D1 and Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein-K (HnRNP-K) on Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the expression of cyclin D1 and hnRNP-K in relation to the pathological<br />findings in bladder cancer including the type, grade, muscle invasion and bilharzial association. Methods: We studied<br />the immunoexpression; as regard the percentage, intensity and score of both cyclin D1 and hnRNP-K in different bladder<br />lesions including 10 cases of cystitis; 10 cases of carcinoma insitu (CIS), 20 cases of Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)<br />and 66 cases of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Results: High expression of cyclin D1 was found in UC compared to other<br />groups (p<0.001) and in UC with low grade, non-muscle invasive and papillary tumors compared to their counterparts<br />(p<0.05, hnRNP-K expression was found in SCC compared to other groups (p <0.001) and in UC with high grade, muscle invasive<br />and non-papillary tumors compared to their counterparts (p<0.001each). Bilharzial-associated UC showed higher<br />expression of hnRNP-K percent (p<0.05) compared to non-bilharzial cases. Conclusion: This study elucidated a possible<br />contribution of cyclin D1 and hnRNP-K expression in the initiation and progression of urinary bladder carcinoma,<br />so, both of them can be used in predicting progression of urinary bladder carcinoma and to differentiate between UC<br />and SCC in high grade tumors. The possible role of both markers in immunotherapy deserves supplementary studies.