A Study on the Roles of Virtual Networks and Diaspora in Elite Brain Mobility and Circulation: A Mixed Method Study

Abstract

Background: Brain mobility is an alternative word for brain drain. Today, brain drain is considered as a major loss that has a very harmful effect on developing countries. The brain movement, and inverse immigration depends a lot on policies adopted in the countries of origin. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of virtual networks and diaspora in elite brain mobility and circulation in Iran. Methods: This study was conducted using a mixed-method approach based on sequential exploratory strategy in 2018. In qualitative section a semi-structured interview was conducted with 19 former graduates who had returned back to Iran. The theoretical saturation was reached via a purposeful sampling and maximum variation by applying conventional content analysis method processes. In the quantitative section, a questionnaire was developed and its validity and reliability was tested and verified for data collection. The questionnaire was distributed among a random sample of 285 physicians out of a target population of 1100 physician returnees. Only 158 participated in the study by returning the completed questionnaire. In addition, the data were reviewed by applying descriptive-survey method, and content analysis was used to analyze the collected data. Results: Regarding the theme of inclusive elite brain mobility and circulation, the results are indicative of the existence of 18 basic themes, and 4 organizing themes including: cultural strategies, educational and research strategies, management strategies, social and economic strategies, and 1 global theme. The Basic Islamic Cultural Requirement theme (with a factor of 0.83, P<0.001) is the best descriptor for elite brain circulation and movement. Conclusion: Developing countries not only should send their elite medical graduates abroad to gain professional experiences, but also they should try to motivate them for inverse migration to their homeland by creating and promoting Diaspora networks.