Background & Aims: Some people use opioid substances to relief their chronic somatic pains. There are differences in the personality traits of this individuals and others who abuse opioid substances. The purpose of the ...

Background & Aims: Hydronephrosis is a common problem in prenatal and newborn infants diagnosed by ultrasonography. Bladder to ureter reflux, the upper or lower urinary tract obstruction, and neurogenic bladder are the ...

Background & Aims: The relationship between variations of Willis circle and some cerebrovascular diseases has been shown in previous studies. A few studies have been conducted in Iran on these variations. Methods: This ...

Background & Aims: The goal of this study was to determine the effect of foot serial casting along with botulinum toxin type-A injection on spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: This study was a randomized ...

Background & Aims: The role of P53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) genes in inflamed and non-inflamed odontogenic cysts is related to cell proliferation but it is unclear. The aim of this study was ...