Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the second most common gastrointestinal malignancy and the fourth leading cause of all cancer-related deaths in the US. It is a highly aggressive tumor that continues to carry a ...

There are three commonly recognized types abnormal adhered placenta defined by the depth of penetration of the placental villi into the myometrium. The placenta accreta spectrum disorders include both abnormally adherent ...

The most important Fetal veins are, Umbelical vein, ductus venusus. The main blood flow of Umbelical vein_relative sixty-five percent _is toward to portal vein and  35% direct to dactus venusus that contains well oxygenated ...

Trans labial US is an easy and available modality with low cost and is recommended as the first line of imaging evaluation. US also lacks the disadvantage of limitation access to patient. MRI with multiple sequences in ...

Knee has a complex anatomy and different pathologies such as tumors, arthritis, trauma and etc, can involve the knee. Trauma with different mechanism is the most common problem and can lead to probable ligamentous, menisci ...

In a cohort of healthy subjects undergoing smallpox vaccination, new-onset chest pain, dyspnoea, or palpitations occurred in 10.6% of the cases, as compared to 2.6% in subjects undergoing another vaccination. Importantly, ...

Breast MRI has a proven beneficial role in screening for breast cancer in certain population. If this population is carefully selected, the breast MRI is highly effective, economic, and decreases morbidity and mortality ...

Background on Lobular neoplasms Spectrum of lesions encompassing atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). LN is often multifocal and bilateral. LCIS SUBTYPES Classic Variant types ...

Pelvic congestion syndrome is varicosities of the veins inside the female pelvis causing chronic dull and aching pain and is analogous to varicocele in men. This syndrome is not rare and is estimated to account for 15% of ...

Precocious puberty is defined as the development of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years in girls and less than 9 years in boys. Precocious puberty is caused by a heterogeneous group of disorders, ...

Pelvic organ dysfunction is  widespread  problem  in the middle age and elderly women's that significantly decrease the quality of life especially in the later life. Trans perineal (trans perineal), 2D ultrasonography can ...

Thyroid nodules are among the most common disorders in human being. The difference in prevalence and rate of malignancy between thyroid nodules in children and adults, make it necessary to discuss this entity separately ...

Ventriculomegaly is defined as dilation of the fetal cerebral ventricles and is a relatively common finding on prenatal ultrasound. The purpose of this lecture is to review the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of mild ...

Cervical lymph nodes are mentioned by their levels from one to seven. There are also some important lymph nodes out of these levels. We are going to discuss about warning signs of lymph nodes findings as size, borders, ...

Currently, a fetus with thick nuchal translucency (NT) on ultrasound screening is referred for genetic counselling and invasive diagnostic testing, because an increased NT thickness is strongly associated with aneuploidies ...

Nowadays the requests for percutaneous breast biopsy has significantly increased due to improvement of imaging modalities. The radiologist has to recognize the lesions that need tissue diagnosis then offer the best way ...

Associate Professor of Radiology Head of the Radiology Education Program Mashhad University of Medical Sciences MR Neuro Radiology Fellowship University of Califronia, San Diego Cystic masses of neck are a frequent finding ...

The inflammatory and infectious diseases of the nervous system are a large group of disorders caused by abnormal autoimmune response of body against specific targets in the CNS or tissue damages triggered by different types ...

There is a growing incidence of invasive placenta as a result of increasing deliveries by cesarean section. Invasive placenta can cause massive life-threatening hemorrhage and is now the most common indication for emergent ...

Hypoxicischemic injury (HII), which is also known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, refers to the subset of neonatal encephalopathy that results from a hypoxic or ischemic event. Fetal hypoxic stress that may eventually ...