Computed tomography (CT) angiography with high-quality multiplanar reformatted images plays an important role in the assesment of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD).being familiar with congenital heart diseases ...

The principals of GI-RADS reporting system is based on the pattern recognition analysis of the tumors and estimation of risk of malignancy in different tumor features. Ultrasound is the first step for evaluation of ...

MRI of female pelvis has become one of the primary imaging modalities to diagnosis and characterize the malignant or benign  nature of pelvic masses. MRI has been shows to be the most accurate imaging tool in defining ...

The most common soft tissue tumors during infancy and childhood are vascular lesions. Although the vast majority of these lesions have typical clinical features and do not require any further exam, but sometimes atypical ...

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has been introduced to the market in 2011 and is more and more affecting the practice. Like other new technologies there has been positive and negative speculations around it. Almost all ...

Malignant obstruction of the bile duct from cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, or other tumors is a common problem which may cause debilitating symptoms and increase the risk of subsequent surgery. Treatment ...

Diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts in children are relatively rare and occur at any age. Many pathophysiological mechanisms are involved: inflammatory (cholangitis), trauma (bilioma), autoimmune (sclerosing ...

Cranial sonography continues to hold an important place in neonatal care. Attributes favorable to sonography that make it almost indispensable for routine care of the newborn includes easy access, low cost, portability, ...

In the abstract, major common neonatal metabolic disorders and their MRI findings, keys to differentiation and diagnosis have been discussed. Abstract: Individually, metabolic disorders are rare, but overall ...

Hydronephrosis which is defined as dilation of the renal pelvis and /or calyces is one the most common renal abnormalities among children and because of screening Ultrasound during pregnancy ,it is diagnosed frequently ...

Defecation disorders are common in children causing abdominal complaints in the children and anxiety of the parents. A large spectrum of disorders may cause constipation at different ages. In newborns it includes  anatomical ...

Spinal dysraphism is a broad term given to a group of anomalies where there is malformation in the dorsum of embryo. Spinal dysraphism can be broadly divided to three different pathological entities: 1.  Open ...

Transcranial ultrasound is an ideal imaging modality of the brain in (premature) neonates. Ultrasound is a non-ionizing technique, offers the important benefit of being a fast and bedside examination, does not require ...

The availability of many imaging modalities require problem- oriented decisions to determine which teqniques should be used or omitted in any given clinical situation.For example PA or AP ,lateral CXR , lateral decubitus, ...

Contrast media appear to act just as safe in children as  in adults. The risk factors are similar and the same safety measures should be taken. The main differences are related to contrast dose ,physiology of children in ...

The use of modern diagnostic and therapeutic procedures resulting in survival of critically ill infants and children, is unfortunately occasionally complicated with iatrogenic events. Application of different devices is ...

The paediatric musculoskeletal system differs from the adult musculoskeletal system in many ways. These differences account for many unique features in paediatric musculoskeletal imaging. Awareness of these differences and ...

Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Neck masses present as palpable lumps and bumps in children. Acquired lesions are more common than congenital ones. Congenital masses (lumps and bumps) of the neck are by definition ...

Considering Ultrasonography as a nonionizing, portable and quick diagnostic method, It is the best exam in premature newborns. A 5-8 MHz vector probe preparing standard views is best used in this way. There are several ...

Interactive case presentation is a very useful educational tool for promotion of knowledge. In this Interactive Pediatric case presentation, several cases from Pediatric chest and abdomen which are more likely to be ...