Due to recent advancements in information technology and communication, Electronic Customer Relationship Management has drawn the attention of many firms to achieve competitive advantages. Despite the increasing importance ...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) mainly utilizes envelopment technology to replace production function in microeconomics. Based on this replacement, DEA is a widely used mathematical programming approach for evaluating the ...

This paper addresses the permutation of a flexible job shop problem that minimizes the makespan and total idleness as a bi-objective problem. This optimization problem is an NP-hard one because a large solution space ...