The present study intended to investigate the processing behavior of 2 groups of L2 learners of English (high and mid in proficiency) and a group of English native speakers on English active and passive reduced relative ...

Research on L2 learners' success at development and appropriate use of pragmatic ability and knowledge has mostly approached the issue from a cognitive or social perspective, and less attention has been devoted to the ...

It seems impossible to think of the Persian art without mentioning the significant presence of gardens. They are present in miniature painting, architecture, and literature. One of the modern works of Persian fiction in ...

The present study sets out to investigate the narrator's textual position in Grass's The Tin Drum. Although authorial self-dramatization through affinities with one or more characters in the work is undeniable, ...

Language educators are required to reflect upon content delivered to the students. Teaching strategies should be adapted to keep students loyal to cultural identity as well as foster resistance to oppressive policies ...

Alternative assessment approaches and, among them, self-assessment and peer-assessment are becoming increasingly important in educational contexts. Designed to compare self-assessment, peer-assessment, and teacher-assessment, ...

The newly administered Iranian Ph.D. Program Entrance Exam (PPEE) is supposed to have had different washback effects on university curriculums. This qualitative study examined the effects of the new TEFL PPEE on the ...

Studying translations during the time of conflict has gained currency in the recent decade in translation studies. One of the cases in which conflict manifests itself is in the way different countries choose to name an ...

This study is a typological description of written formative feedback in an EFL context in Iran. Twenty M.A. students of TEFL participated in the study. They were required to summarize a scholarly article in each session ...

International tourism and its related businesses have considerably increased recently. Due to this expansion, tourism employees must be able to communicate appropriately, and effective ESP programs need to be administered ...