This study constitutes an attempt to see what Language assessment literacy (LAL) isfor three groups of stakeholders, namely LAL test developers, LAL instructors, andLAL test-takers. The perceptions of the former ...

The present study concerns editing of translations in Iran during the Iran-Iraq War,which in the official discourse of the country is known as the Sacred Defense. Itargues that editing, in its local sense, ...

High penetrability of wireless, mobile, portable, and handheld devices has resultedin education for all as the mobile's challenge coincides with an unprecedentedgrowth in access to pedagogical materials technology, ...

Language is a system of verbal elements that makes communication of meaningspossible in the manners the users intend by employing certain linguistic deviceswhich are partly language-specific. Once communicating ...

This study attempted to investigate the effect of bilingualism on pragmaticawareness and development among Iranian Turkish/Persian EFL learners. Data werecollected through a personal profile questionnaire with ...

Due to the growing emphasis of modern language pedagogy on meaningfulcommunication, L2 willingness to communicate (WTC) has recently become animportant concept in second language learning and communication. The ...