Effects of the Amino Acid Complex on Biochemical and Morphological Parameters of Hemostasis at Chronic Cadmium Intoxication

Abstract

Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the biochemical and morphological changes in the blood coagulation system caused by chronic cadmium intoxication and the anticoagulant activity of the amino acid complex (γ-aminobutyric acid, β-alanine, glutamine, ethanolamine-O-sulphate). Previous studies have investigated the effect of the amino acid complex (AAc) on blood glucose levels in animals with experimental alloxan diabetes. The use of this complex demonstrated the ability to suppress the hyperglycaemic effect of alloxan, while also exhibiting anticoagulant activity. Materials and methods: The experiments were carried out on non-linear white male rats divided into 3 groups: control rats, rats receiving cadmium sulphate and rats with cadmium intoxication injected with AAc. Biochemical (recalcification, prothrombin time, international sensitivity index, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen level, calcium level) and histological (Haematoxylin & Eosin and Giemsa staining) methods were used in the studies. Results and conclusion: Chronic cadmium intoxication leads to alterations in several blood coagulation parameters, suggesting a predisposition to hypercoagulation. However, administration of AAc reduces blood coagulation. Blood samples from poisoned rats showed the presence of red blood cells and leukocytes with morphological changes, including the presence of numerous platelets in clusters or groups. Conversely, when AAc was administered to cadmium poisoned rats, erythrocytes and neutrophils showed morphologically normal characteristics. The results obtained confirm the anticoagulant activity of AAc, which may be used in the future for the treatment of various thrombotic conditions.