Improved Version of Gravitational Search Algorithm and its Application in Power Improvement of CMOS Ring Voltage Controlled Oscillator

Abstract

In this paper, a three-stage CMOS inverter based ring voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is designed. Low power consumption is an important feature of the designed VCO. The variables used in the designed oscillator have been quantified using the improved Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) in order to minimize the power consumption of the oscillator. In this algorithm, the Boltzmann scaling function is used to control the exploration and productivity capabilities of GSA. Other advantages of the designed VCO are the high integration capability, simplicity of implementation and high frequency tuning range. The power dissipation of the VCO is 850 µW. The presented oscillator can operate from 1.25 GHz to 2.5 GHz frequency.