A Review: Bismuth Oxy Halide Based Materials (BiOX: X= Cl, Br and I) Heterostructures Nanofiber’s and Photo Catalytic Activity

Abstract

In recent times, there's been a surge in the popularity of bismuth-based materials, particularly BiOX (Bismuth oxy halides), owing to their distinct layer structure and suitable energy band gap. They find extensive applications in both environmental and energy sectors, making them a focal point of research lately. Various synthesis methods such as hydrothermal, solvothermal, hydrolysis, calcination, and ultrasound-assisted methods are employed for BiOX fabrication. This review delves into the synthetic approaches of BiOX-based heterojunctions, emphasizing the charge transfer pathways and photocatalytic mechanisms of different types of heterojunctions, including conventional type II, Z-scheme, p-n and S-scheme heterojunctions. These heterojunction designs play a pivotal role in accompanying figure. Additionally, the review provides insights into specific applications of BiOX-based heterojunction materials in energy and environmental fields. Regarding the stability of Bi3+, significant research has focused on compounds containing bismuth, such as BiOX with the Sillén structure (where X = Cl, Br, or I). However, to address the need for improved performance, modifications are necessary, particularly for compounds with broader band gaps. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of heterojunction systems employed to augment the redox potential of BiOX photocatalysis, alongside an examination of existing challenges and future research avenues. The overarching aim is to expand the scope of research concerning BiOX-based materials while offering insights for future investigations. Additionally, the chapter underscores potential factors influencing the photocatalytic activity of BiOX-based heterojunctions, delineating both opportunities and challenges for further research and development.