Evaluation of lactic acid bacteria isolated from poultry feces as potential probiotic and its <i>in vitro</i> competitive activity against <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>

Abstract

The efficacy of probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics has been defined as one of the potential strategies to prevent <em>Salmonella</em> spp. infection in poultry. The purpose of this study was to isolate probiotic native Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with high compatibility to intestinal tract and prevention of <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em>from broiler chicken feces. Thirty-seven samples of chicken feces were collected from seven broiler chicken farms in Northern Iran. The isolates identification was carried out with morphological and biochemical tests. Agar diffusion methods were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activities against <em>Escherichia</em><em> coli</em> and<em> S. typhimurium</em>. The primary probiotic characteristics such as resistance to acid and bile and adhesion to Caco-2 cells were studied. Indeed, the ability of LAB isolates to inhibit adhesion of <em>S. typhimurium </em>to Caco-2 cells was evaluated by exclusion, competition and displacement assays. Among 42 isolates, S08, S01 and S06 isolates which showed appropriate probiotics characteristics were selected. Isolates S08 and S01 showed to be able to adhere strongly and also S06 was adhered moderately. In the exclusion assay, the isolates S08, S01 and S06 significantly hampered adhesion of <em>S. typhimurium</em> cell, in the competition assay, the isolates S08, S01 showed significant level of competition activity against<em> S. typhimurium</em> adherence to Caco-2 cells and isolate S08 showed the greatest displacement activity. The 16S rDNA sequence revealed that S08, S01, and S06 isolates were 99.00% similar to <em>Lactobacillus salivarius</em>, <em>Lactobacillus </em><em>johnsonii</em>, and <em>Pediococcus acidilactici</em>, respectively. The result of this study suggested that LAB isolated from broiler chicken feces could be a remarkable reservoir for identification of probiotic to inhibit the pathogenic bacteria growth.