اثر توزیع نابرابر درآمد بر وضعیت سلامتی در منتخبی از کشورهای عضو سازمان کنفرانس اسلامی

Abstract

Introduction: Individuals and families' accessible incomes increase as a result of economic development and income inequality reduction. This in turn leads to health promotion in the community. So, this study mainly aimed to survey the effects of unequal income distribution on health in selected members of Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC). Methods: This descriptive-analytic study collected the data and information from the Internet, library resources and journals. The model used included some variables, such as income level, income inequality, level of savings and education level. The study population consisted of 18 members of OIC between 1980 and 2005. The analysis was performed using panel data method and random coefficient model. The data was entered into Microsoft Excel software. Then, estimation was made by FLeamer test in Stata 9.2 . Finally, Eviews 3 was used to demonstrate the effects of variables and the difference between cross-sectional data. Results: Considering life expectancy as a health index, and keeping the per capita income constant, income inequality (measured by Gini coefficient) had a reverse effect on health only in 6 out of 18 countries (according to inequality income hypothesis). Since life expectancy could not show the health changes in countries with more income inequality, the product of life expectancy and per capita income was used as health index. With income level, savings and education levels as control variables, it was observed that education and income have significantly positive effects on health. Conclusion: In the effort to promote health, one must emphasize not only on primary care systems, but also on issues such as improving income inequality, because an improvement in income distribution leads to increased level of life among masses of people through health, nutritional and educational enhancements. Keywords: Income; Life Expectancy; Education.