Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: traditional risk factors in a study from northwest of Iran

Abstract

Background & Aims: Significant left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) is found in 3 to 6 percent of all patients who undergo coronary arteriography. LMCAD usually requires an emergent surgery that has a higher rate of mortality and complications. The risk factors of left main involvement in previous studies are controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the traditional risk factors for left main coronary artery disease. Materials & Methods: From March 2014 to March 2016, data of all patients with isolated primary on-pump Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in the Seyed-al-Shohada cardiovascular center were collected. Coronary artery disease major risk factors and echocardiography and coronary angiography data’s were recorded. Results: OF 895 patients that underwent CABG during a two year period, 145 cases (16.2%) were in left main (LM) group and 750 cases (83.8%) were in Non-left main group. The mean age for patients in LM group was 59.8 ±8.7 years and it was 60.5±10 in NON LM group. The prevalence of male gender (84.1 vs. 71.2%), dyslipidemia (46.9% vs. 24.9%) and smoking (61.4% vs. 45.3%) were more common in LM group. The prevalence of diabetes (42.1% vs. 36.9%), hypertension (49.7% vs. 54%), Family history of CAD (24.1% vs. 18.4%) and mean BMI (26.1 vs. 26.8) were not significantly different between two groups. Conclusion: This study showed that age differences did not exist between patients with LMCAD in and without LMCAD. However, the frequency of male sex, Dyslipidemia and Smoking were significantly higher in the LM group. Valvular heart diseases were less common in patients with LMCAD.