A comparison of effects of Diazepam and Midazolam on Ketamine induced postoperative Hallucination

Abstract

Background: Ketamine is one of the most common drugs that used in general anesthesia. Water solubility, high efficacy for Anesthesia induction and low cardiac and respiratory side effects make it suitable drug for general anesthesia. But this drug has side effects such as increased airway secretion, ICP, IOP, IGP that can be managed comfortably. The most common side effect of ketamine is postoperative hallucination with incidence of 5 to 30% in adult. This problem has no treatment but can be prevented using benzodiazepines. In this study we assessed the effects of prophylaxis with diazpam and midazolam for ketamine induced postoperative hallucination. Materials and methods: This double-blind clinical trial study was done on 50 patients who were candidate for ketamine administration. Patients were divided into two groups. In the first group diazepam, was administrated on premedication and in the other group, midazolam was administrated, then occurring of hallucination assessed in both groups and comparried with each other. Results: Incidence of hallucination in the first group is 36% and in the other group is 8%. Chi- Square test demonstrates a significant statistical difference between the two groups (p.v=0.017 and K.sq=5.71). Conclusions: Analysis of data demostrated that midazolam is more effective than diazpam for prevention of ketamine induced postoperative hallucination. According to the above although postoperative hallucination induced by ketamine has no effective treatment but can be prevented effectively using benzodiazepines especially midazolam.